Friday, October 15, 2010

Guru Madhvaraayarige Namo Namo..................

Gurumadhvaraayarige namO namO
namma gurumadhva saMtatige namO namO

Sreepaadaraajarige Guruvyaasaraajarige|
Guruvaadiraajarige namO namO||1||

Raagavendraraayarige Vaikunthadaasarige
PuraMdaradaasarige namO namO||2||

Guru Vijayadaasarige Baagannadaasarige
Sreerangavalida Daasarige namO namO||3||

Parama vairaagyasaali Timmannadaasarige
Hundekaara Daasarige namO namO||4||

Guru Sreesha Vithalana Parama Baktara Charana
Sarasijayugagalige namO namO||5||

Gurumadhvaraayarige namO namO
Namma Gurumadhva santatige namO namO||pa||

Sunday, June 6, 2010

Sri Vyasaraja Theertharu (VYASARAJA MUTT)



Sri Vyasa Theertharu is probably the scholar of Tattvavâda held in highest esteem next to Sri Jaya Theertharu. His work has been to write detailed commentaries on the works of Sriman madhvacharyaru and Sri Jaya Theertharu, and to show Tattvavâda as being placed on a firm logical footing; his work is considered to be of the highest significance, particularly because it is accepted even by his opponents that his understanding of their schools is second to none. Thus, there is no possibility of claiming Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha's critiques to be invalid on account of his having misstated the positions he wishes to criticize. Sri Vyasa Theertharu also keeps a tempo that is hard for the less skilled to even conceive of, let alone match. His logic is exceptionally hard to beat, because of his uncanny knack of knowing exactly what the opponent is going to say, and using this information to lead the opponent on to traps of logic that are dozens of steps deep, and impossible to work through or around. One feels that while one gropes in the dark and tries to guess where one is and struggles to find one's way, Sri Vyasa Theertharu not only knows one's present position to a nicety, he also knows all the possible ways one might proceed, in advance of oneself, and has a proper plan of action already planned out for any further move one might make. Thus, holding one's own in a debate with Sri Vyasa Theertharu is very similar to making one's way across a field laid with mines; one does not know where to put one's foot next, and very often, even a secure retreat to a former safe position is impossible, after one has taken a few steps down in hopes of making progress. In summation, it is hardly a stretch to say that Sri Vyasa Theertharu is the very personification of mastery of skill in dialogue and debate, that every logician and philosopher wishes to be.

In addition to his pellucid and luminescent writings, Sri Vyasa Theertharu is also known for the influence he had on the Vijayanagara empire, especially for the fact that it was under his tutelage that it had its heyday, and produced its greatest ruler. Perhaps even more importantly, it is noted that he was responsible for providing a healthy atmosphere in which the Hari-dasa tradition could sprout and flourish; he disregarded all highbrow disapprobation of the lower castes, as he showed by his acceptance of the low-caste Kanaka Dasaru as a shishya, on par with his other students, and by his even arranging to prove to them that Kanaka Dâsa was a greater devotee than any of them.

Sri Vyasa Theertharu was born around 1460 in Bannur which is in the Mysore district in the modern Karnataka state. He and his brother and sister were born as a result of the blessings of Sri Brahmanya Theertharu, and the young Yatiraja (the future Sri Vyasa Theertharu) was presented to Sri Brahmanya Theertharu after he had completed the a comprehensive study of subjects like Kavya, Nataka, Alankara, and Vyakarana. Having been impressed with the young Yatirâja's quick mind and great aptitude for learning, Sri Brahmanya Theertharu secretly meditated to ordain him into the sanyasa order. Yatiraja, though respectful of his Guru, had his doubts about receiving such dîksha, and finally consented after receiving a vision in which Vishnu Himself instructed him not to try to avert his destiny.

Shortly after Yatiraja's ordination as Sri Vyasa Theertharu, Sri Brahmanya Theertharu passed on. Sri Vyasa Theertharu left for Kanchi after his succession to the pitha and spent many years there studying the six systems of philosophy, and thus gave the finishing touches to his mastery of subjects like Advaita, Vishishtadvaita, and Navya-Nyaya, in addition to Tattvavada. After Kanchi, he continued his studies at Mulbagal which was the seat of Sri Sripadaraja Theertharu and a hub for learning like Kanchi. There he studied Vedanta for about five to six years.

Around this time, he distinguished himself at the court of Saluva Narasimha at Chandragiri by winning several debates against renowned opponents. During this time he was entrusted the worship of Lord Srinivasa at Tirupati, a task that he performed for twelve years, from 1486-1498. Sri Vyâsa Tîrtha left for Vijayanagara after persistent invitations by its royalty and ministers, and stayed there for the major part of the rest of his life. Among the several debates he had at Vijayanagara, a notable one is that with Basava Bhatta of Kalinga which lasted for thirty days, before Basava Bhatta lost comprehensively. However the 'golden period' of Sri Vyasa Theertharu's life started after Krishnadevaraya ascended the throne of Vijayanagara, for what were the one-and-twenty greatest years of the kingdom's history. Krishnadevaraya had a lot of regard for Sri Vyasa Theertharu, as is evident from the historical evidence that shows Krishnadevaraya regarded Sri Vyasa Theertharu as his Kuladevata, as well as from several honorific references in the writings of Krishnadevaraya.

Once Sri Sripadarajaru asked Sri Vyasa Theertharu to conduct the daily puja in his absence. Sri Vyasa Theertharu saw that one Sampusta (box containing divine vigrahas) had never been opened so far. Out of curiosity, he tried to open it, and succeeded immediately. He was astounded when a beautiful icon of Lord Gopala Krishna came out of the box and began to dance in front of him.

He was so engrossed that he used the Saligrama Sila as Tala. When Sri Sripadarajaru entered the puja hall, Krishna froze in the middle of the dance. Sri Sripadarajaru presented this icon to Sri Vyasa Theertharu and told him "I could not open the box, only you were destined to open it. So this vigraha morally belongs to you". Even today, this miraculous vigraha, with its unusual pose, is worshipped by saints of the Sri Vyasaraya mutt.

Sri Vyasa Theertharu is responsible for the continuation of the high regard and recognition earned by the system started by Sriman Madhavacharyaru. He has been respected by many scholars from other schools, including the likes of Appaya Dikshita, Pakshadhara Mishra, Madhusûdana Sarasvati, and Basava Bhatta. He is known for his warm-heartedness and sympathy even toward proponents of other systems of philosophy, while being a staunch Madhva himself. In fact, his elucidation of the principles of Advaita and Vishishtâdvaita were so outstanding that he even had pupils of these doctrines, who learned those from him in preference to learning it from a guru in their own tradition.

Among his nine major works, his most important ones are Nyayamrta, Tarkatandava, and Chandrika, collectively known as Vyasa-Traya. In his magnum opus Nyâyâmrta, he justifies the philosophy of Tattvavâda and shows that Monism is untenable on every ground, and that the reality of the world cannot be rejected, compromised, or diluted for any reason -- physical, rational, or spiritual. The Tarkatandava is a refutation of the principles of Nyaya-Vaisheshika. Tatparya-Chandrika, or Chandrika as it is known for short, is a commentary on Sri Jaya Theertharu's Tattva Prakashika and deals with the Sutra-Prasthana of Tattvavada. It is, in fact, a significant contribution to the literature on the analysis of the Brahma-Sutra, because it makes an in-depth comparative study of the Bhashyas of Shankaracharyaru, Ramanujacharyaru, and Madhvacharyaru.

He has composed beautiful devotional songs in Kannada, thus contributing significantly to the Dasa-Sahitya. He was also the Guru of Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa, two outstanding luminaries of the Hari-Dasa tradition, the former also the founder of modern Karnataka music, and is probably the greatest singer-saint in history.

He cast off his mortal body on the 8th of March, 1539. His Brndavana is at Nava-Vrndavana, which is located on an island in the Tungabhadra river, near Anegondi, very close to Hampi. Here, in the company of eight other eminent Mâdhva ascetics, he continues to meditate, and to bless devotees with true knowledge.

Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu (UTTARADHI MUTT)

Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu succeeded the throne of the Vedanta Samrajya of the Uttaradi Matha after Sri Ramachandra Theertharu and ruled for a very long period. His charama shloka mentions that he worshipped Sri Moola Rama for nearly Sixty Eight years.

The miraculous manner in which he ascended to the peetha and got the blessings of Sri Moola Rama is a great evidence of his utmost devotion and eligibility. Once Sri Ramachandra Theertharu fell seriously ill and ordained one of his disciples Kambhaluri Narasimhacharya to Sanyasa who was later named as Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu with a view of installing him to the throne of Vedanta Samrajya before he entered Brindavana. He gave some minor idols and Saligramas to Sri Vibhdendra Theertharu for his daily worship, but none from the pooja box of the Math and sent him on tour for propagation of Madhwa philosophy with specific instructions that he would send for him at the appropriate time.

Soon, Sri Ramachandra Theertharu felt that the time came for formally handing over the Math to Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu. He immediately sent a word to Shri Vibhudendra Theertharu. Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu, who was on tour at that time, could not come back to Yaragola in time. Sri Ramachandra Theertharu, therefore was compelled to ordain Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu as his possible successor. At the same time he did not want to deprive Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu from the pontification of the Uttaradi Math. He therefore asked Dharmanna and other villagers of Yaragola to intern the pooja box after his Nirvana in a deep pit, with clear instructions that if Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu came within six months of his passing away, he would take it out and succeed him. However, if he did not turn up within the specified time, the pooja box should be handed over to Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu, who would be the next Peethadipati and rightful successor to the Uttaradi Math. When Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu did not turn up even after six months, Dharmanna and others requested Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu to take the pooja box to perform the usual pooja.

When Dharmanna and others were ready to dig to take out the pooja box, Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu happened to come to Yaragola and asked for the pooja box to to be delivered to him for worship. Confusion prevailed as to who would be the rightful successor of the Peetha and gets an opportunity to worship Moola Rama and other Math's dieties.

Dharmanna and others decided to leave every thing to the God himself, by imposing one condition that the two saints should offer the prayers one after the other . The Pooja Box would be handed over to him at whose prayers the earth where the pooja box was kept sunders.

The two saints happily agreed to the suggestions made by Dharmanna and others. Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu being the senior saint first offered the prayers for three days and nothing happened. On the fourth day the turn of Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu came, he prayed Lord Rama with utmost devotion. After a few minutes suddenly the soil where the pooja box was kept sundered and came up a few inches above the surface of the ground.

Then the villagers of the Yaragola asked Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu to take over the pooja box and the samsthana of the Uttaradi Math. Thus the Uttaradi Mutt was presided by the Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu, who became the rightful successor of Sri Ramachandra Theertharu.

Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu travelled all over India spreading Madhva Philosophy. He went to Simhachalam and had the darshan of Lord Varaha Narasimha Swamy. He did penance there at Simhachalam and got boons from Sri Varaha Narasimha Swamy.

He had exhibited his scholarship with the discourse of Sriman Nyaya Sudha. His name itself speaks of his scholarship. He had many debates with followers of other schools. He was honoured by the King on Anegundi.

During his period, extensive lands were gifted to the Matha near Raichur of present Karnataka State which are all still with the Uttaradi Mut. When his end came Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu handed over the Math to Sri Raghunatha Theertharu and entered Brindavana at Yaragola near his Guru's Brindavana on Kartika Bahula Chaturthi.

Yaragola comes under Gulbarga District. It is neary about 65 K.M from Gulbarga and 20 kms from Yadagir.

Sri Brahmanya Theertharu (VYASARAJA MUTT)

Sri Brahmanya Theertharu was born in Nrihari kshethra on the banks of the Cauvery and was named Narasimha. The boy was sent to Sri Purushotthama Theertharu at the young age of 7 after his Upanayana samskara. Sri Purushotthama Theertharu was next in line to Sri Jayadhwaja Theertharu whose name is preserved for posterity for his founding of the Dvaita school in the north, specially in Navadvipa (modern Bengal). ISKON followers call his name as Jayadharma.

Narasimha was a precocious pupil with great intelligence, devotion to God and disinterest in the affairs of the world. Sri Purushotthama Theertharu had already received some indications in dreams about his pupil. The education of Narasimha was completed in a short while and he was also given the oaths of Asceticism and called Sri Brahmanya Theertharu by his Guru. Very soon the latter entered a cave near Abbur and disappeared from human view. A miracle attributed to Sri Brahmanya Theertharu was that when he sprinkled some consecrated water on cold cooked food after Puja, it became fresh and hot.

There was a rich and pious Brahmin who had started on a pilgrimage to Banaras. His location is not clearly specified, but it is said that he also lived on the shore of Cauvery river (Called Marudvrudha in the Rigveda). Unfortunately, he died suddenly after getting fever. His wife who wanted to commit Sathi along with her husband (they were childless at the time) came to beg permission of Sri Brahmanya Theertharu, the worshipper of Nrusimha deity given to him by his Guru. Sri Brahmanya Theertharu blessed the widow - "Dheergha sumangalee bhava" - Be happy as a wife in wedded bliss for a long time. When she told him that she was no longer having a husband, Sri Brahmanya Theertharu told her - do not worry. Your husband is not dead, but is still alive. He gave her holy water with incantations, which when applied to the dead body of the husband brought him back to life, as if nothing had happened. As per the Swamiji's desire, the first born of this couple was given even as a young baby, to him. This baby was received on a golden plate and fed with the milk used for Abhisheka of the Lord. The baby who grew up into the great Sri Vyasaraja Theertharu, was given his Upanayana Samskara at the age of 5 and took the oath of asceticism at the age of 7. Though Sri Brahmanya Theertharu himself was greatly learned as described by his own disciple and successor Sri Vyasaraja Theertharu, he was sent for his studies to Sri Sripadaraja Theertharu at Mulbagal. He became famous for his erudition, scholarship, great qualities of complete disinterest in personal factors and became the fountain head of learning for Tatvavada in his time.

In the mean while Sri Brahmanya Theertharu received the idol of Vittala as a result of a dream indication, from where it was buried in the ground. He went to Karnataka capital (possibly Srirangapattana) and on being requested by the king and people of the state, which was suffering from drought, brought back copious rains. The grateful kingdom gave the ascetic a village called Brahmanyapuri. After handing over his reign to the worthy successor, he entered in to Samadhi in Abbur.

When the Abbur Matha was being renovated and improved for the facility of devotees in the last few years, it appears that there was an idea to cover his Vrindavana also along with the rest of the area. However, Sri Brahmanya Theertharu directed the reigning pontiff to leave it uncovered as at present - possibly because he is believed to be the incarnation of the Sun. Even in the prayer shloka given below seems to hint at this fact. Even today, a large number of devotees visit his Vrindavana and attain their desires by prayers and Seva at his feet.

Sri Ramachandra Theertharu (UTTARADHI MUTT)

Sri Ramachandra Theertharu was a great exponent of Dwaitha Vedanta. He spent a long time in Srirangapatnam and surrounding areas propagating the Madhva Philosophy. Once he fell seriously ill and ordained one of his disciples Kambhaluri Narasimhacharya to sanyasa with a view of installing him to the pontifical seat before he passed away. He was named Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu. However, Shri Ramachandra Teertharu got well and had postponed to install him on Vedanta Samrajya of the Math. He gave Sri Vibhdendra Theertharu some minor idols and saligramas for daily worship, but none from the pooja box of the Mutt and sent him on tour for propagation of Madhva Philosophy with specific instructions that he would send for him at the appropriate time. However, when Shri Ramachandra Tirtha was at Yaragola, he fell ill again and the time came for formally handing over the Math. Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu, who was on the tour, could not come back to Yaragola in time. Sri Ramachandra Theertharu, therefore was compelled to ordain Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu as his successor. Sri Ramachandra Theertharu did not want to deprive Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu from the pontification of the Uttaradi Mutt. He therefore asked Dharmanna and other villagers of Yaragola to intern the pooja box after his Nirvana in a deep pit, with clear instructions that if Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu came within six months of his passing away, he would take it out and succeed him. If however he did not turn up within the specified time, the pooja box should be handed over to Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu, who would be the next Peethadhipati and rightful successor to the seat of Uttaradi Mutt. When Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu did not turn up after six months, Dharmanna and others requested Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu to take the pooja box to perform the usual pooja. When Dharmanna and others were ready to dig to take out the pooja box, suddenly Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu made his appearance and demanded to deliver the pooja box to him with out any delay. Then Dharmanna regretted to hand over the pooja box to Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu since he did not abide by the condition imposed by his Guru Sri Ramachandra Theertharu. When Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu persisted strongly, Dharmanna and others decide to leave every thing to the God himself, by imposing one condition that the two saints should offer the prayers one after the other and it would be taken over by him at whose prayers the earth whose under the pooja box was kept sunders. The two saints agreed to the suggestions made by Dharmanna and others. Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu being the senior saint first offered the prayers for three days. Nothing had happened. On the fourth day it was the turn of Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu. He prayed to God by chanting the portion of fifth skandha of Bhagavata Purana. After a few minutes suddenly the soil where the pooja box was kept sundered and came up a few inches above the surface of the ground. Then the villagers of the Yaragola asked Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu to take over the pooja box and the samsthana of the Uttaradi Mutt. Thus the Uttaradi Mutt was presided by the Sri Vidyanidhi Theertharu, the rightful successor of Sri Ramachandra Theertharu. Sri Vibhudendra Theertharu started another math known as Kumbhakonam Math which after the advent of his sixth pontifical successor Shri Raghvendra Theertharu came to be known as Shri Raghavendra Math of Mantralaya. Yaragola comes under Gulbarga District. It is neary about 65 K.ms from Gulbarga and 20 kms from Yadagir.

Sri Purushottama Theertharu (VYSARAJA MUTT)

Sri Purushottama Theertharu is tenth in the authorized lineage of Sri Madhvacaryaru. No further information is available.

Sri Purushottama Theertharu lived mostly at Channapatna or Abbur in Karnataka. He had his own monastery, which he later entrusted to his disciple Sri Sridhara Theertharu. This monastery survives today and is called the Kundapura Vyasaraja Mutt. Sri Purushottama Theertharu’s accredited literary work was a gloss on the Tatparya of Sri Jaya Theertharu. He departed the world in 1476 or 1478.

Sri Vageesha Theertharu (UTTARADHI MUTT)

Sri Vageesha Theertharu succeeded Sri Kavindra Theertharu on the pontifical throne of the Sri Uttaradi Matha. Before initiation to sanyasa his name was Raghunathacharya. He travelled all over the India visiting the holy places for propagation of Dvaitha Vadanta. . He entered the Brindavana near his Guru's at Nava Brindavana in the Tunga Bhadra river about a half a mile east of Anegondi.

Navabrindavana is small island situated nearby to Anegundi of Koppal District. Anegundi is 20 KM away from Gangavathi. From Anegundi one has to cross River Tungabhadra by boat to reach Navabrindavana. Navabrindavana is situated in the river Tungabhadra.

Another way to approach Navabrindavana is via Hampi. Hampi is 12 kms way from Hospet of Bellary District. In Hampi , again we have to cross River Tungabhadra to reach Navabrindavana.